Design Principals for Choosing Options
The principle of proximity.
The principle of proximity calls for related items to be grouped visually, creating less clutter and making for a more organized layout.tems unrelated to each other should be placed further apart, to emphasize their lack of relationship.
Hicks Law and its consequence
Hicks law describes the time it takes for a person to make a decision as a result of the possible choices he or she has: increasing the number of choices will increase the decision time.
Fitts's Law and the Pareto Principle.
Fitts's law is the amount of time required to locate and use an option is smaller if the option is bigger. Pareto Principle also know as the 80/20 rule states that 80% of the effects come from 20% of the causes.
Visual Scanning and Processing
Gestalt principles
According to this theory, there are six main factors that determine how the visual system automatically groups elements into patterns: Proximity, Similarity, Closure, Symmetry, Common Fate (i.e. common motion), and Continuity
Grouping and similarity
People tend to organize visual elements into groups or unified wholes when certain principles are applied. Similarity occurs when objects look similar to one another. People often perceive them as a group or pattern. When similarity occurs, an object can be emphasised if it is dissimilar to the others.
Closure, continuity and figure-ground
Closure occurs when an object is incomplete or a space is not completely enclosed. If enough of the shape is indicated, people perceive the whole by filling in the missing information.
Inattention blindness
Inattention blindness failure to notice an unexpected stimulus that is in one’s field of vision when other attention-demanding tasks are being performed.
The Preference for Naturalness
Biophilia: A preference for naturalness
Biophilia is a term popularized by Harvard University mycologist and conservationist E.O. Wilson to describe the extent to which humans are hard-wired to need connection with nature and other forms of life.
Screen real estate and horror vacui
Horror vacui, a latin expression originally applied to visual arts, which expresses a “fear of the empty”. It simply entails a very common human desire to fill empty spaces with objects or information
Using Color
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Contour bias
Humans have an innate tendency to favour objects with curved contours over objects with sharp angles or points
Using animation to promote naturalness
In user interface design animation refers to the smooth changing of a visual element such as such as a fade in or out. It can be used to maintain context in navigation.
Aesthetics and Legibility
Attractiveness bias
Attractiveness Bias can be defined as a cognitive bias that forces people to look at things that are aesthetically pleasing. Attractive objects, people and places automatically elicit attention amidst a sea of similar entities. What makes an object, a person or a place stand out is physical or outward attractiveness. NOTE: Attractiveness bias draws attention but does not sustain it.
Aesthetic usability effect
The aesthetic usability effect is where a user will perceive an attractive product as easier to use than an ugly one. It doesn’t actually matter if they are easier to use or not they are perceived as such so users will make subconscious concessions and overlook many difficulties.
Legibility and contrast
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Meta Design Principals
Need for low cognitive load
The total cognitive load, or amount of mental processing power needed to use your site, affects how easily users find content and complete tasks.W hen the amount of information coming in exceeds our ability to handle it, our performance suffers. We may take longer to understand information, miss important details, or even get overwhelmed and abandon the task.
Recognition Over Recall
The aesthetic usability effect is where a user will perceive an attractive product as easier to use than an ugly one. It doesn’t actually matter if they are easier to use or not they are perceived as such so users will make subconscious concessions and overlook many difficulties.
Progressive Disclosure
rogressive disclosure is an interaction design technique that sequences information and actions across several screens in order to reduce feelings of being overwhelmed for the user. By disclosing information progressively, you reveal only the essentials and help the user manage the complexity of feature-rich sites or applications.
Mapping accordance's and constraints
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Feedback Confirmation
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